Which two metals combined together give the higher voltage when reacting with acid :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Which two metals combined together give the higher voltage when reacting with acid Introduction In this investigation we will find out which two metals combined together give the higher voltage when reacting with acid. The metals used will be:  · Aluminium  · Zinc  · Iron  · Tin  · Lead  · Nickel  · Copper To make a prediction on what metals will be the ones that give the highest voltage when combined together you need to find out if the position in which the metals are at in the reactivity series would make a difference, and if it does, how? You also need to find out how the metals react with acids. We know that the higher the metal is in the reactivity series, the stronger it will react with an acid. Theory Batteries have chemicals inside to store energy. When two different metals that are connected by a wire are placed into an acid, a potential difference (voltage) is produced. This occurs because the metals react with the acid forming Hydrogen acid, a metal salt solution and an electric charge. The charge flows from the most reactive metal to the least reactive metal. Equipment The equipment used will be:  · Acids  · Metals  · Wires  · Voltmeters  · Beakers  · Measuring cylinders  · Stop watches  · Sandpaper Method Collect all the equipment and place it as it is shown on the diagram above. Choose around 10 pairs of metals and place one pair in the beaker, and connect them both with a wire. Put them in for a few seconds, and voltage will be produced when the two metals react with the acid forming hydrogen, a metal salt solution and an electric charge. This charge will flow from the least reactive metal to the most reactive metal. Measure the voltage with the voltmeter and write it down. Do this for every pair of metal you have chosen, and then find out which ones are the most reactive and which ones are the least. Prediction I predict that the highest metal in the reactivity series and the lowest metal in the reactivity series from the metals we are using will produce the highest voltage. I think this because voltage is also called potential difference, so this shows that there is more power when the difference between the metals is larger. This means that the voltage in the metal which is lower in the reactivity series must have a higher voltage to the metal that is most reactive to make my prediction correct. I think that the highest the difference = the higher the voltage. I also predict that changing the acid will change the ending result. I think that the stronger the acid, the higher the voltage.

Eleven Seconds: Autobiography of Travis Roy †Book Report Essay

Travis Roy, a former collegiate hockey player, wrote his tragic story in a book called Eleven Seconds. Well, he didn’t physically write it down himself; he dictated the story to E.M. Swift, who organized Travis’ words into the book. This is because Travis Roy is a quadriplegic. After a mere eleven seconds of Travis’ first college hockey game, his dreams of the NHL were shattered forever. Travis Roy’s autobiography, Eleven Seconds, has three parts. In the first part, Travis tells about his childhood and his high school career. He reminisces about the fun he had playing little league hockey and how he would help out at the rinks that his father managed. The next part in the story is the climax. Travis describes his feelings and emotions leading up to game-time of his first college hockey game. He is extremely excited to be playing the sport he loves at such a high level of competition, but within eleven seconds, everything is stripped away from Travis. He tries to check an opponent into the boards, but misses and hits the glass awkwardly. At this point it is all over. Travis Roy is paralyzed from the neck down: a quadriplegic. For the remainder of the story, Travis describes the motionless life that has been forced upon him. He tells about the pain of never being able to play hockey, or even live a normal life again. Travis explains the emotional battle his whole family was forced into and also states his case for stem cell research. Eleven Seconds is a very well written book in my opinion. It is easy to read and has a friendly tone. I’m happy to have read the book because it made me realized that I should appreciate the little things in life that I take for granted every day. What if I woke up one day and couldn’t move my arms or my legs? That is the way Travis Roy will wake up every day for the rest of his life. I wonder if I would be able to cope with a situation like Travis’. I don’t think I would be mentally and emotionally strong enough. The book, Eleven Seconds, made me look at life from a different perspective. I didn’t feel like I was reading about just some random guy who had an unfortunate incident, but a person that is similar to me in many ways. Travis had hopes and dreams just like I do. Therefore, I was able to relate to Travis’ burning desire to follow through with his passion and it really saddened me  to read about the way he became a quadriplegic, doi ng the very thing that he loved. I would recommend Eleven Seconds to anyone who thinks their problems are too big to handle. The book is a good reminder that we should be thankful for everything we are able to do in our lives. Any time we have a meal, take a shower, brush our teeth, or get dressed, we are doing more than Travis can do on his own. I think the story is also a great motivator to live every day to the fullest. People who like hockey would probably be interested in Travis’ story as well. Travis Roy comes off as a warm and loving person, despite his terrible injury, so his book Eleven Seconds should be easy for most anyone to read. The only hard part might be keeping one’s tears off of the pages.

Is the Death Penalty Applied Fairly - 1852 Words

Is Death Penalty Applied Fairly The death penalty has been a controversy in the United States justice system since its commencement (Bakken Morris, 2010). Although extremely controversial, it has stood the test of time as the definitive penalty. Numerous countries are at present bring an end their death penalty law. Contrary to that, the United States has thirty eight out of its fifty states with death penalty still operational. It seems the United States needs the death penalty more than ever before due to rising rate of sever violent crimes across the nation. Statistics shows that since the early nineties roughly around 355 people have been put to death through death penalty and approximately 3300 are still waiting on death row. Similarly since 1976 around 552 felons have been put to rest through death penalty across the United States (Bakken Morris, 2010). If you break these deaths down according to the methods utilized about three hundred ninety-four by lethal injection, one hundred forty-one by electrocutio n, eleven by gas chamber, three by hanging, and two by firing squad. Almost half of the 1976 executions have taken place within the last five years, which includes 52 that took place this year. Even though the death penalty has brought countless gooey criminals to end, the course of death penalty that it is founded on is inconsistent one. The system of scrambled appeals, court orders, and final minute pardons has left the whole system unproductive. AsShow MoreRelatedIs the Death Penalty Applied Fairly?1215 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: The Death Penalty Is the death penalty just and applied fairly? Michael Wirth PHI103: Informal Logic Instructor Philip Bence 2 December, 2012 The Death Penalty Capital punishment has been used around the world for many thousands of years as a way of enforcing justice when someone has done wrong by what standards that the cultures have. Over the past few centuries capital punishment has started to be questioned by many people in Europe and in the United States. ManyRead MoreIs the Death Penalty Just and Fairly Applied1039 Words   |  5 PagesIS THE DEATH PENALTY JUST AND APLIED FAIRLY? BY a234h eireie34 Informal Logic: PHI103 Tanya Martin AUGUST 9th 2012 Introduction- Thesis Statement Capital punishment has been used worldwide for at least the last two thousand years and it was not until this century that its use has come under considerable scrutiny here in the U.S. There have been some highly publicized trails that have brought Capital punishment out of the shadows and into the spot light, most notably were the NurembergRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Death Penalty1112 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty First and foremost, the death penalty is defined as the punishment of execution, administered to someone who has committed a terrible crime (Capital Punishment 1). This is also known as capital punishment, which is known for disregarding the human rights. Although many countries continue to enforce the death penalty, some countries think it should not be practiced. According to the United States, the death penalty continues to be a charged and controversial political and legal issue(CapitalRead More Cost of the Death Penalty Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages Costs and Consequences of the Death Penalty, written by Mark Costanzo, neatly lists reasons for opposition, and abolishment of, the death penalty. Costanzo provides a review of the history of the death penalty, a review of how the death penalty process is working today, questions on whether or not if the death penalty is inhumane and cheaper than life imprisonment. He also questions if the death penalty is fairly applied and the impact, if any, that it has on deterrence. He closely examines theRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Applied975 Words   |  4 PagesCourt ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional, removing over 600 prisoners from death row. The justices described the application of the death penalty as arbitrarily, random, and discriminatory. Justice Potter Stewart remarked that the death penalty like being â€Å"struck by lightning† and that â€Å"if society s ultimate punishment cannot be applied fairly, it should not be applied at all†  ¹. Of the 22,000 homicides committed every year, less than 100 people are sentenced to death, and politics, theRead MoreCapital Punishment Essay666 Words   |  3 PagesDoes this man deserve to die? Capital punishment, if applied in this hypothetical situation, would serve its purpose in getting retribution for this crime. Capital punishment is a controversial subject but is an effective punishment for serious crimes such as this. Right now, only one percent of murderers who have committed serious crimes such as this are on death row. â€Å"Every nation with industrial democracies has abolished the death penalty, excluding Japan and the United States,† (Honeyman andRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Within Criminal Offenders1361 Words   |  6 PagesIf the defendant wishes, he or she can then appeal the guilty verdict and sentencing, thus beginning the trial process again. Police officers, detectives, prosecutors, and defense attorneys make great efforts to ensure justice is served swiftly and fairly, thus creating a strong and effective criminal justice system. Jodi Arias was arrested in July 2008 for the brutal murder of her boyfriend, Travis Alexander. Travis was stabbed twenty-seven times; his throat was cut, and he was shot in the head inRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of Capital Punishment1625 Words   |  7 Pagescapital punishment cases require a separate penalty trial to be made, at which time the jury reviews if there is the need for capital punishment. In 1982, the first lethal injection execution was performed in Texas. Some other common methods of execution used are electrocution, a firing squad, and lethal gas. In recent years, the US Supreme Court has made it more difficult for death row prisoners to file appeals. Nearly 75 percent of Americans support the death sentence as an acceptable form of punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty932 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is unjust because of the eighth amendment which wherein is written, â€Å"[no] cruel and unusual punishments [is to be] inflicted.â € , the possibility of being innocent, and the prejudice against minorities (U.S. Constitution.). The death penalty is cruel due to the process of execution. Cruel is defined as causing pain or suffering (The Definition). â€Å"Cruel†¦ punishments† are against the constitution (U.S. Constitution.). The most common ways of execution are lethal injection and electrocutionRead MoreSupport of the Death Penalty Essay689 Words   |  3 PagesI do support the death penalty and I do not consider it cruel or unusual treatment. The Constitution itself indicates that the death penalty can be used. Amendment V of the Constitution states that â€Å"†¦no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law†¦.† (U.S. Const., amend V). In other words, once a person has gone through the due process of law, his life can be taken if he is found guilty. There is a common misconception that murderers do not think about the

Should The Residency Status Of Students Affect The Amount...

When it comes to drinking, college goes hand in hand. Or that is the case for a majority of colleges. For almost every state school or university alcohol is present and looked at as something you are supposed to partake in while you are attending. But there are some schools where they require their students to abstain from alcohol consumption. In this study, researches will be conducting an experiment to see if the residency status of students has an effect on the amount of alcohol consumed. By studying the impact of residency status (living on or off campus) at a school that prohibits alcohol consumption among the students, the results of the study may shed light on the effectiveness of forced abstanance from alcohol. A persons will to abstain from alcohol at college is very different from when they were living at home because of one main factor. According to Baer (1994) one primary factor relating to alcohol consumption is their residency status. They live with individuals who are more likely to partake in drinking and persuade others to do so as well. At larger schools the social aspect of fraternaties and sororities is often centered around drinking. Students living with other students, or living in fraternaty and sorority houses are all living away from their parents. Studys have shown that students who live with their parents were less likely to show an increase in drinking according to Cacciola (2014). This could be due to the fact that they are being watched over byShow MoreRelatedThe High Cost of Cheap Labor10249 Words   |  41 PagesCampaigns and Elections, and The Public Interest. His most recent work published by the Center for Immigration Studies includes: Immigration in a Time of Recession: An Examination of Trends Since 2000; Where Immigrants Live: An Examination of State Residency of the Foreign-Born; Back Where We Started: An Examination of Trends in Immigrant Welfare Use Since Welfare Reform; and The Open Door: How Militant Islamic Terrorist s Entered and Remained in the United States, 1993-2001. About the Center TheRead MoreUAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis42818 Words   |  172 PagesMarital Status 14 Town Or Country 15 Table 3 Population by Age: 2005-2009 15 Table 4 Population by Age: 2010-2020 16 Table 5 Male Population by Age: 2005-2009 16 Table 6 Male Population by Age: 2010-2020 16 Table 7 Female Population by Age: 2005-2009 16 Table 8 Female Population by Age: 2010-2020 17 Table 9 Population by Ethnic Groups: 2005-2009 17 Table 10 Population by Ethnic Groups: 2010-2020 17 Table 11 Population by Marital Status: 2005-2009 17 Table 12 Population by Marital Status: 2010-2020Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesWindows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft Corporation used herein under license. Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, Jesse and Luke Smidt, who bet I wouldn’t put their names in this book. R. P. ââ€"   To my wife, Sally, and my daughter, Anna C. O. ââ€"   To Carol, Allie, and TeriRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . 311 Vroom’s Expectancy Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Behavior Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Goal-Setting Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 How Should Managers Motivate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 14—Leadership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 What Is Leadership? . .Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages(b) the director of an art museum providing new exhibits to generate greater attendance and financial support (c) a labor union marketing its idea to members and to company management; and (d) professors trying to make their courses interesting for students. In addition to the range of items normally considered as products and services, wh at is being marketed might include (a) ideas such as reducing air pollution or contributing to the red cross (b) people, such as new football coach or a politicalRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand research. The wider the range in the numbers, the more it is grounded in estimates and educated guesses. The most voluminous transoceanic and transcontinental flows came out of Europe. The exodus of 73 million Europeans during this period amounts to the largest global redistribution of human population of any time, and arguably the most significant since the species’ original exodus from Africa insofar as it ushered the modern world and shaped its geography. Table 1.1 gives the destinationsRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagespractice. They are not intended to be a comprehensive collection of teaching material. They have been chosen (or speciï ¬ cally written) to provide readers with a core of cases which, together, cover most of the main issues in the text. As such, they should provide a useful backbone to a programme of study but could sensibly be supplemented by other material. We have provided a mixture of longer and shorter cases to increase the ï ¬â€šexibility for teachers. Combined with the illustrations and the short case

Music Can Help Us Boost Our Abilities And Concentration

Music can help us boost our abilities and concentration. In this article we have chosen 8 most important questions how music affects brain. Image Credit 1. Can music make us happier? Music is as much expressive as normal human language. Since music carries much more powerful emotional charge than the real-life events, modern psychologists use it for the therapy. It can be explained by positive impact on the human nervous system. Emotions that rise during the process of listening to the music can be divided into two types - perceived and felt. This means that a person is able to understand the mood of a piece of music, even if he had never experienced such feelings in real life. So, when someone is in depression, happy music only makes it worse. On the contrary, sad music makes a person fell better. 2. How the background noise affects the quality of the work? When you doing something routinely and boring you just put on the headphones, expose the desired volume, select the desired playlist and press a button  «play ». Wherever, when it comes to work that requires activation of the right hemisphere (to do something creative), loud music is unlikely to help. As it turned out, the average noise level is a catalyst for creativity. The background noise stimulated abstract thinking and boost creativity. That is why public places such as cafes, summer playgrounds and parks are so attracted for creative people. When the noise level is too high it overloads the human brainShow MoreRelatedEffects of Music on the Mind1350 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Music on the Mind The study of how music affects the mind has been a subject of interest for many. The interconnection between music and the physical and mental health of human beings has been researched on since long. Research has concluded that music does have positive effects on our mind. It has the power of healing certain ailments. Indian classical music has been found to have the strongest healing powers. Music has a calming effect on the mind. It is known to speed the recoveryRead MoreThe Healing Power of Music Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesUsually, when one considers what they can do to fight off a cold, relieve pain, or alleviate mental illness, the first things that comes to mind may be to take over-the-counter drugs or prescribed medications. However, the cure to these and many other infirmities may be found within your own ipod. Music, in its many forms, can and should be used as a healing instrument. While it may not completely alleviate the need for drugs, its possible that music therap y could accompany medical drug use in orderRead MoreStress Relief for College Students1233 Words   |  5 Pageslong term and builds up it can be a problem. It can be detrimental to your mental and physical health. Stress can cause things to happen with your body such as a high blood pressure, headaches, stomach ulcers, weaker immune system, muscle and joint pain and more. (â€Å"Effects of Stress†, May 2013, para. 2) It can also affect you mentally such as it makes you more tired, you become more frustrated, your personality can change, more anger and many more problems. (para 2) It can even lead to having a panicRead MoreThe Flavored Of Music And Exercise1668 Words   |  7 PagesConcoction of Music and Exercise Music has a greater impact in our lives than we realize. Music is everywhere we go and is listened to on a daily basis, which affects us in different ways. Music is incorporated into different aspects of living such as a work environment, sports games, while studying, in the car, or while doing exercise. Incorporating music into exercise has been proven to make exercising in any environment more fun, boost one’s mood, increasing motivation, and varying heart rateRead MoreBrain Training970 Words   |  4 Pagesit or lose it† applies to more than just the muscles in our bodies -- it also applies to the neural pathways and connections in our brains. There are a variety of exercises and activities that can successfully work each of the brain’s five major cognitive functions on a daily basis. In addition to the tasks you can perform daily, you can also train your brain with HAPPYneuron online brain games and a personalized brain fitness program. Our minds consist of five main cognitive functions: †¢ memoryRead MoreSimple Steps to Keeping Your Mind Sharp600 Words   |  3 Pagesconstant occurrences can be alarming. Memory lapses can occur at any age, like unable to recall a familiar name during a conversation or can’t remember what you should be getting in the closet. Getting old is not really a significant factor in memory loss; for some it may be due to organic disorders, neurological problems, or brain injury. The brain is surprisingly adept when it comes to improving memory and making it intact even as we grow older. It’s up to us to do everything we can in keeping ourselvesRead MoreWhat Is The Triumph Of Humor Over Human Adversity1463 Words   |  6 PagesA common idea in relation to history is that ignoring it will doom us to repeat it. This generally applies to the horrors throughout history: wars, genocide, financial collapse, etc. . . The line of thought this phrasing prevents you from thinking about is what has worked for us throughout history. To ignore that is to potentially lose it. In this case, I’m referring to the use of humor in dark times to boost mor ale and help persevere through it. One of the most recent and remembered of theseRead MoreLaughter And Music Can Give You Overall Better Health3116 Words   |  13 PagesHow Laughter and Music can give you overall better health Laughter and music are very important in many people’s lives. Whether it is a funny joke, seeing something that’s amusing, or starting the day listening to a favorite song, Laughter and music can make a person feel good. Not many people realize the health benefits that come with laughter and music; both can affect a person’s health in a positive way. This research paper will explain the ways that both laughter and music can affect the way one’sRead MoreSocial Inequality And Its Impact On Academic Achievement1560 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is built on one thing, social mobility. It is this that allowed one to come here with nothing and go from poor to middle class and beyond. It is what has defined us as a nation for so long and it is what drew so many of millions of immigrants to our shores. But as the social wealth gap grows larger and larger we must ask ourselves where this opportunity has gone for so many. Why is it that so many are faili ng to achieve this once so imaginable dream? What is causing the decreaseRead MoreMusic And Music Therapy ( N.a.m.t ) Essay1826 Words   |  8 PagesMusical Therapy   Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Music, even in situations of the greatest of horror, should never be painful to the ear but should flatter and charm it, and thereby always remain music.† (Mozart). Music is pervasive in everyday life. It is used as a means of communication. It allows us to better oneself, and continues to be an outlet for creativity that is ever changing in this era. The use of music in a therapy session dates back to ancient times and has even been discovered in ancient biblical scriptures

Being a Volunteer Free Essays

One year ago I knew almost nothing about this word and it meant almost nothing for me. But this summer I had great, as I think, experience of voluntary working in an international work-camp. Now every time I hear the word â€Å"volunteer† I recall two really interesting and full of events weeks in a country with an magnificent name – Montenegro. We will write a custom essay sample on Being a Volunteer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Here, in my composition, I could tell you about this camp, about the country and its culture, about the work we did. But I’d like to tell you about being a volunteer in international work-camps itself.Further you can find my thoughts about it and about why people take part in such projects based on my own experience. First of all, what is an international work-camp? This is a project within the bounds of which young people from different countries gather together in some country and do some society-useful work for no money. The work can range from restoration of build-ings to teaching local children English. The work is unpaid so you can ask: â€Å"Why do they do this? This work is, of course, useful for society, but it’s useful for another’s country society not for their own coun-try’s. There can’t be the only answer for such a question, every person, who once was a volunteer, has his or her own reason for it. I’d like to start with description of most popular reasons and then tell you my own ones. I think everybody agrees that most of young people like traveling a lot. They want to see many different countries, to know their cultures. This is a well-known fact. But how they are going to do it is a matter of a choice. There’s a wide variety of ways but not everybody can afford to go on holidays every time somewhere abroad or to take studies abroad. So you can save your money by being a volunteer. Because you have to pay only for getting to the place where a project is or-ganized and you’ll be provided with free food and free accommodation for working 3-5 hours a day. Another reason is quite obvious. It springs from an original purpose of any voluntary activity – some people really care of poor children in the middle of nowhere, for example, in Africa or Latin America, and some people are really concerned about environment pollution.Next reason is the fact that such camp is a great opportunity to know culture of a country where camp is organized. Usually camps are located in small towns or even in the villages. While living there you can communicate with locals who are, usually, more friendly than inhabitants of big cities and who will tell you a lot of things about their country, who can prepare some national meals for you and so on. As for me, I have a mix of all these and not only these reasons.While thinking over an opportunity to take part in such a project I thought: â€Å"Why not to go there? I could practice my English, because it’s a work-language of any work-camp. I could find new friends there; because not everybody agrees to work for no money, and it means that we already have something that can make us friends. And I won’t need lots of money. † And now I can say that I was right! Work-camp is a place for communication. You have to socialize with everybody there, you have to be very friendly there if you don’t want to be alone for two weeks.During the project we discussed really different topics from our own lives to chances of Turkey to be accepted to EU. That’s was great two weeks. I’m absolutely sure if I have an opportunity to take such a project one more time I will do it. I’d like to go to some countries I like and for me this is one of the best ways to do it. And I hope that one day group of young people from all over the world will go to Baikal to a work-camp and will spend there marvelous time. How to cite Being a Volunteer, Papers

Analyse Role Of A Success Clinical Leader In Healthcare Profession

Question: Discuss about the Analyse Role Of A Success Clinical Leader In The Healthcare Profession. Answer: Health care is a complex system which involves a large number of individuals and organisations. In order to function effectively the clinicians are required to understand these inter-connected complex pathways and systems of care. Moreover, they must also remain comfortable while working both with and within, these inter-regulated systems for the overall benefit of the patients. The following essays aims to in order make effective change in practise and improvement of the quality of care while working in sync with different organisations and group of professionals. Overview of different styles of leadership According to Gleeson (2018), effective leadership is an integral part of any organisations and not all the situations demands same leadership styles. The leaders adapt changes in the leadership styles based on the surrounding environments and thereby empower the team to succeed. Some of the unique approach of leadership styles as stated by Gleeson (2018) is illustrated below in tabular format Having faith in your beliefs Making hard choices Earning respect of the team members: Not taking all the credits Knowing the team from the core: Recognising talents Recognising the members of the team as the key towards success: Extracting the best from the team Having a clear and articulate vision Pushing the members of the team to achieve their best: Cultivating an Environment for growth Serving for a greater cause Focusing on helping the members of the team: education, motivation and delegation Never to lead by force: Leading by example and inspiring without intimidation Table: Traits of an effective leader (Source: Gleeson 2018) Clinical leadership in nursing According to the reports published by the National Health Service (NHS), Institute of Innovation and Improvement (2011), the health systems round the world is gradually grappling with the task of delivering system-wide evidence based approach, person centred care along with effective and efficient mode of care models. Clinical leadership particularly in the domain ofnursing profession is proposed to be an integral pillar towards reaching this potential goal (NHS Leadership Academy 2013). According to Ogrin and Barrett (2015), there is no definite definition of clinical leadership however role of a clinical leader summarise to the process of developing a culturally competent environment and then leading a set of tasks for continuous improvements of the quality and safety of service delivery model of healthcare to the service consumers. Effective mode of clinical leadership encompasses individuals with accurate skills and traits at all spheres of the organisation along with prime focus on the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary service delivery model Ogrin and Barrett (2015). According to Ogrin and Barrett (2015), the nurses who are under the formal leadership position like the nurse managers are of the opinion that the clinical leadership attributes they required in their roles fall under the three main areas namely personal attributes, team attributes and capabilities. Personal attributes Having sound confidence in the ability of self to procure best practise Nimble in the domain of effective communication Emotional intelligence Team attributes Encouragement of trust and commitment among the team members via valuing skills and expertise of others. Increasing the focus of the team members Capabilities Building and maintaining steady relationships among the team members Encouraging contribution from other members of the team Creating a clear direction of progress and ability to serve as a role model My perspective in clinical leadership innursing is solely based on the Clinical Leadership Competency Framework of NHS Leadership Academy. According to NHS, the core traits that must be executed among the a clinical leader innursing profession is demonstration of personal qualities, working with others, managing services, improving services and setting directions. All these traits highlighted by the NHS under clinicalleadership in nursing profession related with the core principles of the leadership models and thus can be prove to be effective in achieving desired quality outcomes. Leadership characteristics influencing practise change in quality improvement The importance of the application of effective clinical leadership in order to ensure quality health care system that constantly provides efficient and safe care has been restricted in the domain of the scholarly literature only an in other reports of the governmental publications. At present, commission, inquiries and reports have promoted the engagement of the clinician and clinical leadership as the principal pillar of achieving along with sustaining the improvement in the domain of quality care patient safety (Daly et al. 2014). According to Ogrin and Barrett (2015) organisations are now beginning to embrace the model of clinical leadership in order to improve the quality of care. According to Ennis, Happell and Reid?Searl (2015), clinical leadership helps in the quality improvement via reinforcing the importance of delivering individualised evidenced-based care model to the clients. Research have demonstrated that the model of clinical leadership can lead towards the possible ga teway of improved outcomes with more positive experience coming from the consumers of the health care and thereby contributing towards the recruitment and retention of the nursing staffs. According to Davidson, Elliott and Daly (2006), effective clinical leaders use confident and calm approach under clinical situations. This type of approach helps to achieve positive clinical outcomes on the patients along under crisis situations or other unplanned events under the healthcare settings. This improvement of the outcome during the crisis situation helps to increase the overall quality of the health-care model. Swanwick and McKimm (2011) opined that execution of the clinical leadership models that vouches for the confident and clam approach during the emergency situation helps in the establishment of effective therapeutic leadership and thereby promoting effectiveness of the output of the multidisciplinary team and thereby helping to improve the overall health outcome of the patients. I n the domain of health improving the health outcome, Swanwick and McKimm (2011) opined that comprehensive healthcare cannot be delivered by a single healthcare professionals but demands a complex systems working in concert that both tenured and novice healthcare professionals. Thus one-to-one clinical leadership is not enough; quality care involves effective participation of multidisciplinary team along with assistance from the trainee professionals. This comprehensive support apart from improving the overall health outcomes also facilitated proving effective training with the newly enrolled healthcare professionals and thereby helping to upgrade the system as a whole. This gives an evidence towards teaching of nursing leadership from the perspectives of management. Ennis, Happell and Reid?Searl (2015) further opined that clinical leadership is also proved to be effective in procuring quality mental health. Effective clinical leaders enrolled under the mental health nursing can faci litate more positive environment and thus potentially contributing both the patients and the newly enrolled nurse to develop positive attitudes towards the care plan and the services being offered. However, the NHS in UK is now focusing on empowerment of the clinicians and the front line employees in order to refine their decision making capabilities via working in unison with sharing of information via active communication (Ogrin and Barrett 2015). Davidson, Elliott and Daly (2006) further stated that systematic strategic initiatives are important in order to develop effective clinical leadership model. These systematic strategic strategies are required to be undertaken under collegial collaborations between the health care and the academic sectors and thus helping to provide united strength for making advancement in the nursing profession. Critical analysis of the interview In order to enquire more detailed about how leadership characteristics can influence practice change, and what are the important traits of the clinical leaders in the healthcare organisations, I have interviewed two nurses with experience in nursing leadership (the interview question are provided in the appendix). Response to first question In response to the first question nurse (1) replied, First of all, I would like to say that I admired my on-job trainer as my leader role model in my nursing profession and the main trait executed by her which I admired most is working effectively with others as a team. I think this attitude of her helped in building and maintaining relationships with the other members of the teams and thereby helping to deliver quality service along with increasing the team bonding. I think what nurse (1) opined in relation to question 1 is absolutely relevant in the domain of clinical leadership model. According to NHS Institute of Innovation and Improvement (2011), it is the duty of the healthcare professionals to execute leadership via developing networks via working in partnership with their representatives, colleagues, patients, carers, service users. This in turn helps to improve the quality of service and at the same time helps to promote sharing of information among the resources. It also he lps to create opportunities to bringing individuals or group of individuals together in order to achieve a defined set of goals and thus explaining the qualities of exemplary nurse leaders. Though nurse (1) have only state her comments based on her perspective of the subordinated working under the leader, it also has an emotional intelligence approach. According to Tomey (2009), creating association with the patients and their family of carers help to develop care plan through informed decision-making. In response to question (1), nurse (2) came up with that one of th'e important traits of her role model of nursing leadership is setting directions. She said that, My role model as a leader was able to identify the contexts for change and this he used to do via anticipating and preparing for the future consequences via scanning for new ideas along with best practices and emerging trends that will helpful to cast an significant impact on health outcomes. He also used to apply the knowledge and evidence-based approach towards framing the care plan while influencing others to make proper use of the knowledge and evidence to achieve the best possible results. I thing, the issues highlighted by nurse (1) extremely evident in the present days scenario. This is because, according to DiCenso, Guyatt and Ciliska (2014), application of evidence-based approach is an unique approach in nursing care as it provides the nurse with new tools for evaluating the nursing literature and clinical scenari os and then developing the care plan based on that approach. Thus, this aspect of clinical leadership helps in the improvement of the literature based knowledge of the healthcare professionals and thereby helping them to devise the care plan in accordance to the prevailing outcomes and standards. Melnyk et al. (2012) further opined that nurse leaders or the educators must provide opportunities regarding the EBP while facilitating supportive culture to achieve effective clinical decision making. Response to second question In response to second question, nurse (1) is of the opinion that she as a nursing leader always try to work effectively with her team members. She said that, I always try to work along with my team members in order to improve the overall service. She also said that the first thing which I keep in mind while working in unison with my team members is ensuring the safety of my patients while critically evaluating the vital parameter of the patients health outcomes. She also stressed over the fact that while working in with her team members she always encourages improvement and innovation. She said that, It is the role of a leader to encourage innovative approach among the team mates and this helps to increase the participation among the team members while increasing the increase in the flow of the effective information and thereby helping to increase the overall health outcomes. As per my understanding, the main clinical leadership model practise by nurse (1) is improvement of the overa ll service delivery via encouraging effective participation of the team members and effective flow of the information. According to Weng et al. (2015), it is the duty of the leader to promote learning and developmental opportunities via creating and promoting opportunities for colleagues. This will in turn help to generate open debatable ideas and there encouraging change, and improvement in practise. Moreover, an efficient clinical leader must systematically appraise the evolving practise via acknowledging the team members who have given effective contribution towards framing of that practise. This in turn will help to earn respect from the team members as taking all the credit may demotivate or generate unrest among the subordinate team members. Nurse (2) also opined that towards the improvement of the quality of care, she trains and subordinates locally and engages them under local networks to practice and publicise good practise thus improving effective treatment. As per opinion her clinical leadership model as an influence of the transformational leadership in nursing profession. According to Weng et al. (2015) the role of the transformational leadership is to foster nursing innovation via improvement in the organizational climate. Her aspect of the leadership model facilitated transformation and thus further providing the reference of transformational leadership model in her clinical leadership framework. However, she did not highlight the strategies that she undertakes in order to review patient satisfaction. According to Martin et al. (2012) under the domain of clinical leadership, it is the role of the leader to consult with the senior colleagues to review the patient satisfaction in order to develop strategies for implementing and thereby managing innovative solutions within the organizations. Nurse (2) opined she apply her clinical leadership skills towards managing the service in an effective manner. Via managing the service, she opined that she manages her people, available resources along with the management of the performance. I think, this is another important attribute of the nursing leader under the clinical practice. This is because as per the findings of the NHS (2011), it is the duty of the member of the management team towards contributing development of the business and this development of business in healthcare is achieved via initiating along with proper collaboration and ola ning of service improvement projects. Response to third question In response to third question both nurse (1) and nurse (2) said that their leadership approach towards under the ethics of the clinical leadership model framework helps in comprehensive management of the recourses and thereby helping to manage the performance. They also said that the proper management of the performance is done via critical evaluation of the service procured and this helped them to bring further improvement and innovation into the overall system. I think, what they have opined is indeed significant towards bringing a crucial practice change in the health care system but according to Gantz et al. (2012), further setting of goals and pushing members of the team towards more improved outcomes along with helping them to work in unison in a confident and compose manner will help to critically manage the crisis situation. Moreover, I also feel that they must also not preach leadership via force and must practice leadership via inspiring without intimidations as this will i ncrease the sense of participation and satisfaction. Thus from the above discussion it can be concluded that the practise of clinical leadership helps to impose proper practise change in the healthcare organisations and thereby helping to improve the quality of care among the patients and the family of carers. 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